The Republic
Plato (-428–-348), -375
A stubborn, funny, frightening argument about why justice is worth wanting—whether one god is watching or not. Socratic talk winds through stubborn objections, sudden myths and blunt questions, by turns funny and unsettling.
Who it’s for
You may like it if you enjoy watching an argument built step by step and don't mind speakers who test ideas through long exchanges. The old-fashioned translation and dense stretches of reasoning can make it slow going.
Why read it
It asks what justice is for when no reward or punishment is certain, and lets you follow a rigorous, often strange argument about it.
Pages from the book
The fears that arrive when the end stops being abstract.
For let me tell you, Socrates, that when a man thinks himself to be near death, fears and cares enter into his mind which he never had before; the tales of a world below and the punishment which is exacted there of deeds done here were once a laughing matter to him, but now he is tormented with the thought that they may be true: either from the weakness of age, or because he is now drawing nearer to that other place, he has a clearer view of these things; suspicions and alarms crowd thickly upon him, and he begins to reflect and consider what wrongs he has done to others. What it takes for a colour to survive the wash.
You know, I said, that dyers, when they want to dye wool for making the true sea-purple, begin by selecting their white colour first; this they prepare and dress with much care and pains, in order that the white ground may take the purple hue in full perfection. The dyeing then proceeds; and whatever is dyed in this manner becomes a fast colour, and no washing either with lyes or without them can take away the bloom. But, when the ground has not been duly prepared, you will have noticed how poor is the look either of purple or of any other colour. What it costs to be dragged into the light.
And suppose once more, that he is reluctantly dragged up a steep and rugged ascent, and held fast until he’s forced into the presence of the sun himself, is he not likely to be pained and irritated? When he approaches the light his eyes will be dazzled, and he will not be able to see anything at all of what are now called realities. Plato.Plato was an Athenian aristocrat and wrestler whose nickname may have meant 'broad'; he founded the Academy, often called Europe's first university.
Books that feel like this
The Divine Comedy
Dante Alighieri, 1321
A guided tour of the afterlife in which every punishment is a portrait of the sin, and every heaven a lesson in desire.
The Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, 1848
A short, incendiary pamphlet that still shapes how people argue about work, property, class and who owns the future.
Analects
Confucius
A collection of small, sharp conversations on how to live with other people, mostly remembered because they refuse to be simple rules.
Oedipus Rex
Sophocles, -429
A plague-stricken city, a king who promises to find a murderer, and an investigation that keeps turning back on the investigator.
Notes from Underground
Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1864
A furious, funny, self-lacerating monologue from a Petersburg clerk who argues that freedom begins where reason and self-interest end.
Meditations
Marcus Aurelius, 180
A Roman emperor's private notebook, written on campaign. Short, blunt reminders to himself about anger, death and other people's opinions, which read like advice addressed to you.
More by Plato
Dialogues
Plato, -347
A deep dive into the questions that define civilization: what is justice, what is wisdom, and what happens to the soul after death.
Where to get it
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Questions readers ask
- Is The Republic for me?
- You may like it if you enjoy watching an argument built step by step and don't mind speakers who test ideas through long exchanges. The old-fashioned translation and dense stretches of reasoning can make it slow going.
- What is The Republic like?
- Socratic talk winds through stubborn objections, sudden myths and blunt questions, by turns funny and unsettling.
- What should I read after The Republic?
- If you liked The Republic, try The Divine Comedy (Dante Alighieri), The Communist Manifesto (Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels) and Analects (Confucius).
A taste of the feed
The moment a poet admits that language has finally run out.
Whereat to turn mine eyes on Beatrice My seeing nothing and my love constrained me. If what has hitherto been said of her Were all concluded in a single praise, Scant would it be to serve the present turn. Not only does the beauty I beheld Transcend ourselves, but truly I believe Its Maker only may enjoy it all. Vanquished do I confess me by this passage More than by problem of his theme was ever O’ercome the comic or the tragic poet; For as the sun the sight that trembles most, Even so the memory of that sweet smile My mind depriveth of its very self.
The Divine Comedy · Dante Alighieri
What stays unforgiven when a crime becomes the price of peace?
My lot be still to lead The life of innocence and fly Irreverence in word or deed, To follow still those laws ordained on high Whose birthplace is the bright ethereal sky. No mortal birth they own, Olympus their progenitor alone: Ne’er shall they slumber in oblivion cold, The god in them is strong and grows not old.
Oedipus Rex · Sophocles
The injury that lasts longer than a blow: being looked through.
I was standing by the billiard-table and in my ignorance blocking up the way, and he wanted to pass; he took me by the shoulders and without a word—without a warning or explanation—moved me from where I was standing to another spot and passed by as though he had not noticed me. I could have forgiven blows, but I could not forgive his having moved me without noticing me.
Notes from Underground · Fyodor Dostoevsky
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