Εγχειρίδιο
Epictetus, 125
Ένα στωικό εγχειρίδιο τσέπης, με περίπου πενήντα σύντομους κανόνες για να μένεις σταθερός όταν οι άνθρωποι, η τύχη και οι δικές σου επιθυμίες σε παρασύρουν. Κάθε σελίδα μπορεί να δοκιμαστεί σε μια δύσκολη μέρα.
Σελίδες από το «Εγχειρίδιο» που στέκονται μόνες τους, διαλεγμένες για το πώς διαβάζονται σήμερα. Το κείμενο ανήκει στο κοινό κτήμα.
Κι αν ο τρόμος δεν ήταν ποτέ στο ίδιο το πράγμα;
Men are disturbed not by things, but by the views which they take of things. Thus death is nothing terrible, else it would have appeared so to Socrates. But the terror consists in our notion of death, that it is terrible. When, therefore, we are hindered or disturbed, or grieved, let us never impute it to others, but to ourselves—that is, to our own views. It is the action of an uninstructed person to reproach others for his own misfortunes; of one entering upon instruction, to reproach himself; and one perfectly instructed, to reproach neither others nor himself. Ένας τρόπος να χάνεις τα πάντα χωρίς να το λες ποτέ απώλεια.
Never say of anything, “I have lost it,” but, “I have restored it.” Has your child died? It is restored. Has your wife died? She is restored. Has your estate been taken away? That likewise is restored. “But it was a bad man who took it.” What is it to you by whose hands he who gave it has demanded it again? While he permits you to possess it, hold it as something not your own, as do travelers at an inn. Η μέρα που σταματάς να περιμένεις μια καλύτερη στιγμή για ν’ αρχίσεις.
How long, then, will you delay to demand of yourself the noblest improvements, and in no instance to transgress the judgments of reason? You have received the philosophic principles with which you ought to be conversant; and you have been conversant with them. For what other master, then, do you wait as an excuse for this delay in self-reformation? You are no longer a boy but a grown man. If, therefore, you will be negligent and slothful, and always add procrastination to procrastination, purpose to purpose, and fix day after day in which you will attend to yourself, you will insensibly continue to accomplish nothing and, living and dying, remain of vulgar mind. This instant, then, think yourself worthy of living as a man grown up and a proficient. Let whatever appears to be the best be to you an inviolable law. Σου έδωσαν έναν ρόλο χωρίς να περάσεις από οντισιόν.
Remember that you are an actor in a drama of such sort as the Author chooses—if short, then in a short one; if long, then in a long one. If it be his pleasure that you should enact a poor man, or a cripple, or a ruler, or a private citizen, see that you act it well. For this is your business—to act well the given part, but to choose it belongs to another. Κάθε καβγάς μ’ έναν άνθρωπο που αγαπάς έχει μια πλευρά που μπορείς να κρατήσεις.
Everything has two handles: one by which it may be borne, another by which it cannot. If your brother acts unjustly, do not lay hold on the affair by the handle of his injustice, for by that it cannot be borne, but rather by the opposite—that he is your brother, that he was brought up with you; and thus you will lay hold on it as it is to be borne. Όλα όσα σε απασχολούν χωρίζονται σε δύο στοίβες, και μόνο η μία είναι δική σου.
There are things which are within our power, and there are things which are beyond our power. Within our power are opinion, aim, desire, aversion, and, in one word, whatever affairs are our own. Beyond our power are body, property, reputation, office, and, in one word, whatever are not properly our own affairs. Κι αν η πρόοδος αρχίζει όταν παύει να σε πειράζει που σε λένε αδαή;
Never proclaim yourself a philosopher, nor make much talk among the ignorant about your principles, but show them by actions. Thus, at an entertainment, do not discourse how people ought to eat, but eat as you ought. For remember that thus Socrates also universally avoided all ostentation. And when persons came to him and desired to be introduced by him to philosophers, he took them and introduced them; so well did he bear being overlooked. So if ever there should be among the ignorant any discussion of principles, be for the most part silent. For there is great danger in hastily throwing out what is undigested. And if anyone tells you that you know nothing, and you are not nettled at it, then you may be sure that you have really entered on your work. Πώς να παίρνεις τη μερίδα σου από τη ζωή χωρίς να αρπάζεις το πιάτο.
Remember that you must behave as at a banquet. Is anything brought round to you? Put out your hand and take a moderate share. Does it pass by you? Do not stop it. Is it not yet come? Do not yearn in desire toward it, but wait till it reaches you. So with regard to children, wife, office, riches; and you will some time or other be worthy to feast with the gods. And if you do not so much as take the things which are set before you, but are able even to forego them, then you will not only be worthy to feast with the gods, but to rule with them also. Πάντα ξέρουμε πώς να παρηγορούμε τους άλλους και το ξεχνάμε όταν πρόκειται για εμάς.
The will of nature may be learned from things upon which we are all agreed. As when our neighbor’s boy has broken a cup, or the like, we are ready at once to say, “These are casualties that will happen”; be assured, then, that when your own cup is likewise broken, you ought to be affected just as when another’s cup was broken. Now apply this to greater things. Is the child or wife of another dead? There is no one who would not say, “This is an accident of mortality.” But if anyone’s own child happens to die, it is immediately, “Alas! how wretched am I!” It should be always remembered how we are affected on hearing the same thing concerning others. Ένας κανόνας ταξιδιώτη για ν’ αγαπάς ό,τι μπορεί να χρειαστεί να αφήσεις.
As in a voyage, when the ship is at anchor, if you go on shore to get water, you may amuse yourself with picking up a shellfish or a truffle in your way, but your thoughts ought to be bent toward the ship, and perpetually attentive, lest the captain should call, and then you must leave all these things, that you may not have to be carried on board the vessel, bound like a sheep; thus likewise in life, if, instead of a truffle or shellfish, such a thing as a wife or a child be granted you, there is no objection; but if the captain calls, run to the ship, leave all these things, and never look behind. But if you are old, never go far from the ship, lest you should be missing when called for. Epictetus, 125
Ένα στωικό εγχειρίδιο τσέπης, με περίπου πενήντα σύντομους κανόνες για να μένεις σταθερός όταν οι άνθρωποι, η τύχη και οι δικές σου επιθυμίες σε παρασύρουν. Κάθε σελίδα μπορεί να δοκιμαστεί σε μια δύσκολη μέρα.
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